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| Does utilitarianism present convincing alternative to natural right? |
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Word Limit: 2800 words
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Type : Essay
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INTRODUCTION
According to Jeremy Bentham utility is defined as that principle which approves or disapproves every action as per their propensity to diminish and augment the happiness of interested parties in question (Braybrooke, 2004). This principle of utility is being developed with a view to promote happiness of community and individual. The interest of community is not dependent on the interests of individual; however, interest of community lies in the sum of interests of the members who create and develop it (Bentham, n.d). As per Bentham, main business of government was to promote happiness of masses. This was further being done by enjoying the pleasure and giving security against the pain. This was considered as the greatest happiness for most of the people and this has given path to principle of Utility. A happy society would definitely constitute a happy polity. The main objective of legislature is well-being of public (Notes on Utilitarianism, n.d).
The science of legislation is to know the true good of community and the way to realize it is constitutes the art of legislation. According to the theory of utility, human being always found themselves under the supremacy of two sovereign masters i.e. pain and pleasure. They figure out the things ought to be done as well as determine the things that human being shall do (Utilitarian Philosophy, n.d). Actions and thoughts of human beings are being governed by these sovereign masters. In other words, it can be said that individual may pretend to refuse their domain, but all the while he will always remain subject to it. This subjection is being recognized by the principle of utility and treats it just like a foundation of the system (Braybrooke, 2004).
There are mainly are many characteristics of utilitarianism and anything which posses any of these characteristics can be taken as some type of utilitarianism. These features are as follows:
Consequentialism: The Utilitarianism approach holds a principle that consequences of actions are the main point of matter. As per the utilitarian’s, it is not something intrinsic of actions that matters, it is the real world results that is good and bad (Utilitarian Philosophy, n.d). For instance, if will tell lie than it will considered as bad if it produces bad consequences and vice-versa. For those who are Consequentialists, this lie will be treated as wrong not because it is a lie but only because its consequences are bad (Notes on Utilitarianism, n.d). On the other hand, people who are the main opponents of Consequentialists are technically known as "Deontological".
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